This is the second of the two courses in econometrics in the PhD specialisation in economics. The goal of the course is to make students familiar with econometric techniques at an advanced level. The course provides a deeper understanding of modern econometric methods that are applied in many fields of economics. The course also puts strong emphasis on practical empirical exercises. The students train at critically assessing studies, but also in doing advanced empirical studies with data that is provided in class. We cover identification, randomization, causal inference, instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity, and matching methods. We also cover a number of more specialised applied topics such as bad controls, measurement error, and clustering. Lastly, we will study applications on topics like market power, education, and sustainability.